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Evaluation of ecotoxicity of selected chemicals with using algal test.
Kosárová, Hedvika ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the ecotoxicity of 2 - [(2,6-dichlorophenyl)aniline] benzene acetic acid (diclofenac), ?-methyl-4-(2-methylpropyl) benzene acetic acid (ibuprofen) and mixture of cadmium and diclofenac and studies the above using algal toxicity test in accordance with ISO 8692. The theoretical part describes the issue of pharmaceuticals in the environment, and characteristics of standards algae tests and alternative tests. Freshwater green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus were used as testing organisms in all the implemented algal toxicity tests. By the means of these tests, the IrC50 values for the standard substance potassium dichromate, the drugs diclofenac and ibuprofen and cadmium were determined. The toxicity of cadmium in mixture with diclofenac was also evaluated.
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Preparation of nanoparticles and nanofibers with antimicrobial components
Kubišová, Veronika ; Slaninová, Eva (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
This thesis addresses the problem of inadequate current wound therapy and presents a solution in the form of nanomaterial-based wound dressings (coverings). Specifically, it focuses on the development and characterization of various nanofibrous materials with integrated liposome particles that could serve as a source of therapeutic agents and be useful specifically in the field of a wound therapy. The review in the introductory part of the thesis first focused on the mentioned problem, which describes the shortcomings of existing conventional dressing materials. A description of human skin from an anatomical and functional point of view was not omitted, nor was the wound healing process itself. Different types of covering materials were also presented. However, a large part was focused on nanomaterials and their use in the field of the skin wound therapy. The nanomaterials mentioned were mainly liposome particles and nanofibres, as the experimental part of the work was focused on these structures. The description dealt with the characterization of these structures as well as the biopolymers used for their preparation. However, the aim was to prepare nanofibers with liposome content, so the method of forming such systems was described. Various therapeutic agents are also an integral part of the covering materials, especially those that suppress the development of infection and reduce wound pain; therefore, the search focused on the antibiotic ampicillin and the analgesic ibuprofen. The experimental part was devoted to the actual production of nanofibers with liposomes and also to the qualitative demonstration of the presence of liposomes in electrostatically prepared nanofibers. The selected polymeric components of these systems were polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and gelatine. However, the nanofibers and liposome particles (as well as combined liposomes with PHB) were first prepared in their own form and characterized mainly in terms of the gradual release of the drug substances. The results obtained were then compared with those of therapeutic drug delivery via combined nanofibrous structures with liposomes. For these combined structures, the aim was to achieve synergy in drug delivery between these systems. The aim of this work was to create a biomaterial covering with the controlled drug release. The drugs contained in these materials were the aforementioned ampicillin and ibuprofen. An important part of the work was then to determine the safety of the prepared materials which were tested for cytotoxicity, where the tests performed were MTT test and LDH test. And the actual wound healing ability of the nanofibers was then monitored in a scratch test or a "wound healing" test. At the end of the paper, recommendations for future work on this topic are given.
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Stability of humic complexes
Vlašicová, Silvie ; Smilek, Jiří (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on humic acids as an active ingredient of organic soil substance and their interaction with the selected drug, Ibuprofen. The aim of this work was to optimize the methods of drug determination in solutions containing humic acids. Subsequently, adsorption experiments were performer to provide information about the adsorption efficiency depending on the concentration of Ibuprofen. Desorption experiments were then used to determine the stability of humic substance complexes with Ibuprofen, or, more precisely, the proportion of the mobile and bound Ibuprofen fraction in the prepared complexes.
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Removal efficiency of selected drugs by various sorptive materials from water
Štofko, Jakub ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This thesis deals with sorption of selected drugs from model water by various sorption materials. Contamination of water resources by the pharmaceutical industry is a major problem today. Wastewater treatment plants, whose technological processes are unable to completely remove them, have a significant share in the penetration of these substances into the environment. At present, attention is paid to alternative materials that are capable of eliminating these substances. One of the potential sorption materials is biochar as one of the main pyrolysis products. This work focused on the assessment of the sorption properties of the different types of biochar and commercially used active charcoal. The sorption properties of the individual materials were compared with respect to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory substance ibuprofen and the sulphonamide antibiotic sulfamethoxazole. The results of vial experiments were analysed on a liquid chromatograph with mass detection.
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Study of microplastic sorption properties
Hlaváčková, Hana ; Kučerík, Jiří (referee) ; Řezáčová, Veronika (advisor)
There is currently an effort to replace conventional plastics with biodegradable products that will have the ability to replace these substances. One of the possible biodegradable felt, which is currently being studied in detail, is also poly (3-hydroxybutyrate), which is produced by bacteria. This bachelor thesis deals with the sorption of selected substances on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) microparticles. Substances whose contamination of water sources is a significant problem today have been selected for this work. Specifically, the sorption of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory substance ibuprofen, the triazole fungicide tebuconazole and the most common drug caffeine on PHB particles, which fall in the size of the microplastic group, were studied. The method of liquid chromatography with mass detection was used for analyzes.
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Humic substances as active or auxiliary pharmaceutical component
Blahuš, Petr ; Kalina, Michal (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
This thesis examines the effect of the potassium lignohumate on the transfer speeds of analgesic drugs through the synthetic Strat-M® membrane. In order to examine the transfer of these substances, vertical diffusion cells were used and the final samples were analysed using UV-VIS spectrometer and HLPC. The intention of this thesis was to optimise the process of preparing diffusion cells, to compare the transfer speeds of pure active substances and active substances with the potassium lignohumate, and to compare the permeability of Strat-M® membranes, by using pig skin membranes which were used in the previous study that this thesis continues from. The primary discovery was that the lignohumate slowed down the transfer of active substances through the membrane.
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Selected drugs in drinking water sources and possibilities of their removal by adsorption
Lukášová, Daniela ; Ilavský,, Ján (referee) ; Kyncl, Miroslav (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
The dissertation deals with the occurrence of a selected group of drugs in drinking water sources and their subsequent removal. The work presents information on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, their consumption in recent years and their division into different groups. Various options for waterworks processes that remove drugs from water are also described. For the experimental part of the dissertation, adsorption on selected sorption materials was chosen as the removal process. The removal of drugs from water was carried out in two ways, a static and a dynamic test. At the end of the work, the efficiency of sorption materials and other parameters related to adsorption are evaluated.
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Interactions of pharmaceuticals with humic acids
Libiger, Jan ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on interaction of drugs with humic substances, which are part of organic soil matter. The results would help in understanding the behavior of drugs in soil and other natural systems. Three drugs were selected. Humic acid was selected as a sorbent, which was extracted from lignin, the lower one is assumed to be the same as that in organic soil. Based on a comparison of the measurement results using the UV-VIS method, it was determined how much the acid of the given drug is able to absorb and how much it is released back into the water. The theoretical part deals with the information about soil organic matter, with the information about humic substances, with the information about drugs such as ibuprofen, sulfamethoxazol or sulfapyridine. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with methods of analysis.
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Interaction of drugs with soil organic matter - calorimetric study
Papko, Nadezhda ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the study of the interaction of soil organic matter with selected drugs using isothermal titration calorimetry. Two fulvic acids and drugs were used in the experiment: ibuprofen, pyridine sulfate and diclofenac. The scope of the work was to test the method for studying the interactions between fulvic acids and drugs and to optimize it for specific humic substances and drugs. Isothermal titration calorimetry includes the possibility to determine very important thermodynamic parameters, which were determined during the measurement of the bachelor's thesis. The main goal was to measure and assess whether the interactions take place and what the thermal effects are.
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Chiral analysis of drug residuals in waste waters
Svobodová, Dagmar ; Opatřilová, Radka (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
The theoretical part shortly describes chirality with focus on chiral pharmaceuticals. The processes of their absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination in human body are discussed. These points are very important to understand possible fate of chiral drugs in the environment as there is only little data concerning their environmental behaviour. The occurrence and enantioselective toxicity of chiral drugs is also discussed here. One of the chapters describes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as they are analyzed in the wastewater in the experimental part, and their occurrence in the environment. The experimental part describes optimization of the enantioselective HPLC method using Chiralpak AD as column for ibuprofen and ketoprofen. Reproducible separation of enantiomers wasn’t achieved for naproxen. Optimized methods were then applied for analysis of samples from municipal wastewater treatment plant in Brno-Modřice.
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